SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Before entering in to a work place all are bound to adopt the safety precaution rules strictly to avoid accidents. Generally accidents take place due to our carelessness. The safety can’t be purchased from the market, it can’t be touched and seen but we can feel it. If you are aware about safety precaution rules, you can save yourselves from dangers. So read following lines carefully to protect yourself and convoy your knowledge about safety precaution rules to your kin and kith to protect them from any unwanted occurrences.  

Causes of accident

The under mentioned common points seems very simple but they are the major causes of accident in your job time as well as in other situations, so always you must be beware about them:-

1.	Carelessness: It is seen that, the major cause of maximum accidents are due to the carelessness or human error. Carelessness is a human nature but it is very dangerous to us. A person who is conscious about his circumstances and aware about the safety precaution rules & obeys them can avoid accidents up to a major limit.         Always be conscious about the location and environment around your work, the type of work, and the precautions required to ensure the safety of ourselves and our co-workers.         Always set a work plan in a sequence, so that the work can be completed in the view of safety of the personnel as well as the job.         Always arrange safety precaution measures/ protective materials, fire fighting equipment and first aid kit etc. near to the work site. Besides that, medicines necessarily required, structures ambulance/ transport facility also should be made available within the reaching distance.
2.	Inadequate knowledge: Every job requires a thorough knowledge and a particular period of experience in the field for better completion of the job in a pleasant manner with in the time span.        The workers, who are doing the job without thorough knowledge about how to handle the job in a critical and unavoidable circumstance which arises suddenly, may consequently meet with major accidents. So avoid involving yourself in any such critical jobs without proper knowledge. Otherwise, a technically qualified and experienced person should only be deployed in critical jobs.        You can ask/ learn about the critical jobs from a well experienced person to qualify you first, before attempting to attend a critical work. Never feel ashamed on asking to others. The proper knowledge gathered from an experienced person, will be increased your willpower thus you can perform the job in a better way.
3.	Over confidence: An enemy living inside the human beings is nothing but his over confidence.        A person who always says or tries to show “I know everything” is by far the most foolish man and you are always advised to beware of them. The person who has over-confidence will not understand the job clearly, because to him, his job is “too easy” and by doing so, invite accidents. So before going to carry out a job in “the easy way”, understand it well, think about “how to do’s” and then start it with peaceful mind.
4.	Improper dress: Always wear suitable uniform for the job. It should not be over loose and over tight.        Loose dress will causes accident due to the fact that the dress will get stuck in a running belt drive, trap into a gear drive and hook onto a sharp articles/ hooks etc.        On other hand, over-tight dress will restrict the flexibility of movement of your body parts, which is very dangerous while working and may cause accident.       A working dress should be comfortable for movement of all of the body and in every required angle, should be “Air Passive”, “Light Weight”, and “Light in Colour”, such that you never feel any toughness in body & mind and help you to keep a pleasant mood always.
5.	Climatic condition: Of all, open areas are most “Vulnerable” to the effects of climatic conditions. The extreme cold and extreme hot are the examples.        In extreme cold in open areas, sometimes the body loses the senses of Touch and Feel, as the nerves of the body have become senseless due to the cold. So pressing of the brake pedal by leg may not be justified and the feet may slips off from the pedal, which can cause serious accidents while driving. Even in midday, in high altitude areas, road accidents occur due to low visibility by high density of fog. In such time, fog lights should be turned “on” to avoid accidents.        In extreme hot climate, the working person can faint due to sun stroke under the hot sun. In such conditions, the job can be done in the early morning and late evening instead of doing it in the hot sun to avoid accidents.
6.	Technical fault: Many often accident takes place due to technical fault. It may be the defective design of a machine/ job, poor visibility of markings, defective camber or caster in respect of gradient or place, as a sudden error of any controlling system.                                                Technical fault may be beyond our imagination and can cause accidents unknowingly. To control such situations, a calm and peace-minded person is required.
7.	Manufacturing defect: This defect occurs while manufacturing of a particular piece of work/job, (defect may be internal air crake, porous or uneven joints etc.), even though the piece looks good in respect to its design and material used.        The same defect was not understood/ distinguished before fitting of the item on the job even though it passes through various test criteria. Unfortunately the same piece/ part get damaged in a working time and consequently the entire system gets out of control so risks of accidents get higher.       These defects cannot be properly predicted in manufacturing and so we are not able to take any remedial measure to avoid such accidents. However we can do a thorough check up before collecting a new machine for our satisfaction.
8.	Electrical short circuit: Many often we hear about fire accident due to electric short circuit. So detail of this term is not required because everyone has good knowledge of this topic.      You should always take care while making electrical wiring. Use standard wire as per required specification on the job/ houses with respect to the load factor. Avoid local looping of wires for additional purposes and maintain the wires with disciplined circling and tying of the wires Avoid loose joint and naked connection without insulations.     The wiring should only be done through an authorised electrician who has licence. Never pour water on electric fire for the aim of shut down the fire before cutting off of the power supply.
9.	Chemical reaction: While mixing of chemicals for a new product or a process, there may be an explosion/ fire or generation of poisonous gases by chemical reactions. This may be due to addition of incorrect or unknown chemicals/ by unequal quantity/ incorrect placement of dangerous chemicals at nearby reacting area etc. all of which can lead to a dangerous accident. So always keep yourselves and kids away from chemicals, if you are not a chemist.      The experienced personnel only should handle chemicals, under proper care and protections.

  

Types of Safeties

There are so many safety precautions depending upon the different jobs. But to explain each and every thing in connection with every job, is not possible with few words. So I am trying to say some useful common points for safety of working personnel’s. However I believe that, the common safety precautions must protect you from all accidents if you really care about them. So go through it and enjoy the life in a pleasant manner by taking precautions as per under mentioned points:-

1.	Personal safety: While speaking about safety, personal safety is the very first and most prior point.  While working at dangerous place, loss of life or damages to any part of the human body may occur due to one or the other reasons. They will suffer their remaining entire life due to that one mistake done in the past. The close relatives of the dead person may have to live their remaining life in dismay over the lost ones.        Wearing of safety precaution equipment is irritable but remembers that it is the only things out there to protect you from a major accident. Always expect the unexpected and take safety measures according to the job.       The under mentioned points are the part of personal safety and you are requested to take care and obey it while doing a job to avoid accidents:-
	a.	Life safety: The lives of all living organisms are very precious, of which human life can be considered very glorious. Nothing can replace with the life of a human being. So take care of yourselves while working at any place.      The person who is working at a height should always wear life-belt and other safety equipment’s.       All the personnel carrying vehicle should be driven by a good band, experienced driver to ensure the safety of the people those who are sitting in the vehicle or moving beside road.      While entering into water, life jacket should be worn, if you are unknown swimming.      Entering to any deep well, sewage tanks of ship, petroleum product tanks and warehouse of chemical products etc., may produce highly toxic gases and due to non-availability of oxygen in that place, the person who entered can lose consciousness, which may result in life loss. So fasten them together by rope/ belt and always keep oxygen cylinder while entering to such places to do some work. Never carry out any welding work/ gas cutting work until and unless, you remove the highly toxic/ inflammable gases by using an exhaust system, otherwise there may be an explosion. While deploying personnel on such duty, a supervisor should watch them properly with special care and if they feel any problems, they should be lifted immediately and shift to the nearest hospital for first aid and to protect their life in case of emergency.
	b.	Head safety: While working in a complicated place where stone/ bricks/ wedge or any sharp material is falling, head may be damaged due to the injury caused by collision of the objects with head.       Head injury is regarded as a very serious and it may be cause of life loss or can lead to coma. Thus precaution to save the head is as important as life safety. So always wear proper head gear like helmet, while working at complicated places.
	c.	Eye safety: Eye is very small organ but it gives spectacular views to us, so that we can explore the world in our mind. Eye is a very vital organ of human beings.      Falling of a very tiny dust can cause much pain in the eye. It is very sensitive and so protection is required not only in working time but also in other times as we are living under the effect of hot sun.      whenever you are working in a polluted area you always wear safety goggle/ face shields to protect eyes from different type of rays and particle such as particles generated in welding work, grinding, spray painting, lathe work, working with Jack hammer, Crusher unit or HMP operation, Chemical lab etc.
	d.	Ear safety: While working in a high sound level area, (beyond 80/85dB) you must protect your ear by using ear plugs. The high frequency noise level area, such as working inside the ship building yard, any fabrication unit, working inside the oil containers, chipping area, sand blasting area, pneumatic drilling/ grinding, working with rock breaker/ jack hammer etc., you must protect your ear by using ear plugs.        While speaking on mobile phone by using earphones, the volume must be keep as minimum as possible. On other hand, it is also seen that, the mobile phone is used on speaker mode and the phone are used too near to the ear, which is very dangerous to the ear. Please avoid all of such bad habits and keep your ear always safely.
	e.	Nose/ Lungs safety: While working in dusty area you must inhale good air by using mask. The smoke and dusty air will choke your breathing system day by day and thus damages your lungs.        The light, water, food and breathable air is the minimum right of the human beings. So always inhale good air.        While working with earth moving-equipment, sand blasting, working with rock breaker/ jack hammer, spray painting, working with HMP, operating of crusher unit etc. and even in cleaning by broom, you must always wear a good quality air mask to protect your lungs.        Remember good air/ oxygen is the tonic of the brain, and brain is the controlling factor of the entire body functions. So you desire, what you want to be do, and always keep yourself away from dust or wear good air mask.
	f.	Hand and leg safety: While working at rough ground/ with sharp material/ slippery area/ running conveyors/ machine tools/ repair works/ gas cutting and welding works/ fabrication and erection works etc., where possibilities of damage to hand and legs by cutting, pressing, burning, dislocation of bones etc. are may there. So always give care on all movements and wear proper/ protective shoe and hand gloves to overcome such situations.
	g.	Fingers safety: The fingers of both hand and legs are also very important for our day to day activities. Every finger has an important role in human physical activities. So always care the fingers by wearing protective shoes and hand gloves while gas cutting and welding works/fabrication and erection works/ machine shop etc.
2.	Material safety: Do the job in such a way, that maximum material are utilised to do the job and minimum quantity of material goes as wastage. Always give care onto save the materials.
	a.	Position/ location: While cutting of a pattern from a full MS plate or GI sheet or a gasket from a cork sheet, the pattern should be positioned as much as close to two edges or corner as possible and not from the centre or inside of the sheet, so that the remaining sheet can be utilised for any other job.       If the pattern is in irregular shape, then mark it first, then proceed the way where there is minimum wastage and maximum utilisation of remaining material, then only go on for cutting.       Always protect all materials from, going as wastage and try to achieve maximum usage of the material in production work.
	b.	Selection of material: The material selected for the job should be perfectly suitable/ fit for the job with respect to its quality, shape, strength & property. Otherwise, such materials will not width stand on the job and losses will be the result.
3.	Tools safety: Always give respect to the tools you work with, never be afraid of them. Respect is required for the tools because we make the living with their help.  Without tools we can’t do the job. Without job we can’t earn money, so respect is required.        If a person is afraid of a tool then he can’t use it in a proper manner. This may causes accidents while doing job. So it is advised to not be afraid of the tools we use. Before using a tool, learn about their utilisation properly to avoid accidents or damage to them.
	a.	Placement of tools: After a job, always keep your tools in a proper and particular place, keep them in the tool boxes rather than throwing them away here and there, so that it can be used again without much searching and by which you can save time and effort.
	b.	Cleanness of tools: Always keep your tools clean after every job. Dusty and oily tools may causes accidents.
	c.	Job worthy tools: Always kept your tools job worthy. It is noticed that, although the workers have so many tools in his charge, but many of them are not even eligible for some specific job such as blended screwdriver cannot enter into the cutting of the screw and thus slippage is the result, mushroomed head hammer will not give proper blow, open jaws of pliers will not cut a wire, like wise.
	d.	Right tools for right job: Never use an improper tool in a job, like using of a cutting plier as a hammer, bench wise as an anvil, steel rule as a screw driver and steel rod as a brass drift. It may damage the job as well as tools without achieving the life. Use always correct tool for a job.
4.	Machine safety: Never operate any machine/ machineries until and unless you know the working principle and operating procedure thoroughly. Little knowledge is too dangerous for a person.     Operating a machine is like driving a car, if you are not able to control it in a proper way, it may hit something like human beings, cattle, building, bridge or may even fall in to river. You can’t predict what is going to happen next. And life losses or serious injuries and damage to the machine may be the result.      So learn the operating procedure of a machine from an expert first, then and only then try to operate a machine. First upon all, learn how to stop a running machine.
	a.	Avoid over load: Every machine has a working capacity at a rated power. Giving extra load beyond the capacity may damage the vital part/ assembly of the machine.     The working ability of a machine differs on different materials like water, mud, clay, sand, stone or steel as well as on type of job like cutting, excavation, loading, pushing, pulling, back-hoc loading and rock breaking etc.       So give load as per manufactures recommendation with respect to the material on which you are working and kind of job/ function of the machine, to avoid damages to vital parts.
	b.	RPM/ Speed: If the prime mover of a machine is run by an engine, then it has four RPMs as in idle RPM, no load RPM, full load RPM and full throttle RPM.     The idle RPM is the RPM achieved on starting the engine without giving acceleration. It is a settled/ fixed low RPM. Never utilise any machine on its idle RPM as it is only for warming up of the engine in idle stage.     The no load RPM is on applying little more acceleration than idle RPM and is only for moving purpose.     The full load RPM will achieve on further applying of acceleration and meant for execution of work with maximum load or in full performance. Always operate machine in full load RPM in execution of work. It is seen that some operators are utilising the machine on low RPM than the rated (in the interest of less consumption of fuel for other means), which will not give its rated output and also it will damage the engine and other vital parts/ assemblies of machine.     And full throttle RPM is the maximum RPM of the engine while in Idle stage of the machine. This RPM is only for checking the performance of engine assembly on test bench and not for any operational purpose. Generally in all most all machines, this RPM stage should be restricted by arresting throttle movement.
	c.	Maintenance: As per manufacture, every machine has a maintenance schedule. The maintenance of the machine in due time is required for obtaining better performance from the machine. Non-implementation of maintenance schedule will cause the excess worn out of the vital parts/ assemblies and will cause damages to the machine. So cleaning of all machine parts, greasing & oiling on the required points and replacement of chocked filters and engine oil & other lubricants as well as checking of braking system in time, will save the machine from undue damages.
	d.	Security: While speaking about earth moving and construction machineries, they are always engaged in open field jobs.      So after the job, always keep the machine at a safe place which is away from landslides, stone shooting, and flooding etc. to save it from natural calamities and also from human malpractices like removal of batteries, fuel & major assemblies etc.      So in such situations, security personnel with suitable staying arrangements are required to keep the machine safe at night time as well as on holidays.
5.	Time safety: Sometimes people say that “Time is money”. Yes it is very true that the time is money in every angle. If you can increase your working time by any means your outcome will increase.       So never waste the working time and you must give your best output during the working period.         Always try to do the scheduled job within or before the scheduled time span so that the other job can be started in its due time.
6.	Nature and atmosphere safety: As we are born in the lap of the Mother Nature, we want to love her as much as possible by never ever doing anything that creates a bad effect on the pride of the nature.       Please set your job in such a way that, it never damages the nature in any cost. By cutting, by burning any harmful materials, by chemical process which produces harmful poisons gasses, by using open atomic energy etc., we are disturbing the course of Nature, and so we shouldn’t do it.       Always love the nature.
7.	Image safety: Always take care about your image. If a person loses his characteristic by any means, he can’t withstand in front of the public where he is living/ working.       Image is the pride of a person or a firm and once it is lost, it is very difficult to rebuild their Image in the society.       So do your job in such a way that the people will always remember you by your job quality, quantity and clarity, so that your image in front of the people is always as of a respectable and rememberable.

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